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Temperature-stabilized differential amplifier for low-noise DC measurements.

P Märki1, B A Braem1, T Ihn1

  • 1Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|September 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a low-noise differential amplifier for quantum device measurements. It achieves exceptionally low voltage drifts and input currents, ideal for sensitive cryogenic experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Quantum Computing

Background:

  • Accurate electrical measurements are crucial for understanding quantum devices.
  • Traditional amplifiers often introduce noise and errors that limit measurement sensitivity.
  • Cryogenic temperatures are essential for observing quantum phenomena but pose challenges for electronic components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a tabletop low-noise differential amplifier.
  • To minimize voltage drift, input leakage current, and other error sources.
  • To enable high-fidelity electrical transport measurements of quantum devices at cryogenic temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Thermally stabilizing critical amplifier components to reduce voltage drift.
  • Designing extensive input-stage circuitry to mitigate errors.
  • Characterizing amplifier performance, including voltage noise, current noise, input capacitance, and input resistance.
  • Testing the amplifier in electrical transport measurements of quantum devices.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a bandwidth of 100 kHz.
  • Demonstrated low voltage drifts (approx. 100 nV/day) through thermal stabilization.
  • Maintained input leakage current below 100 fA.
  • Exhibited extraordinarily low voltage and current noise, input capacitance, and input current.
  • Attained an input resistance greater than 1 TΩ.

Conclusions:

  • The developed differential amplifier offers superior performance for sensitive measurements.
  • Its low-noise characteristics and high input resistance are well-suited for quantum device characterization.
  • The amplifier has been successfully deployed in cryogenic electrical transport measurements.