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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Cryopreservation of Preimplantation Embryos of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats
Published on: August 5, 2011
Assisted hatching and live births in first-cycle frozen embryo transfers
Jennifer F Knudtson1, Courtney M Failor1, Jonathan A Gelfond2
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.
Objective:
To assess the effect of assisted hatching (AH) on live-birth rates in a retrospective cohort of patients undergoing first-cycle, autologous frozen embryo transfer (FET).
Design:
Longitudinal cohort using cycles reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System between 2004 and 2013.
Setting:
Not applicable.
Patient(S):
Women who underwent first-cycle, autologous FET with (n = 70,738) and without (n = 80,795) AH reported from 2004 to 2013.
Intervention(S):
None.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Live births.
Result(S):
Propensity matching was used to account for confounding covariates, and a logistic regression model was constructed to identify the predictors of live-birth rates in relationship to AH. In all first-cycle FETs, there was a slight but statistically significant decrease in the live-birth rate with AH compared with no AH (34.2% vs. 35.4%). In older patients and in the years 2012-2013 AH was associated with decreased live births. Live-birth rates and the number of AH cycles performed before FET vary by the geographic location of clinics.
Conclusion(S):
Assisted hatching slightly decreases the live-birth rate in first-cycle, autologous FET. Its use should be carefully considered, especially in patients 38 years old and older. Prospective, clinical studies are needed to improve our knowledge of the impact of AH.
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