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Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation01:20

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Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...
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Picoinjection of Microfluidic Drops Without Metal Electrodes
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Novel volumetric method for highly repeatable injection in microchip electrophoresis.

Noel S Ha1, Jimmy Ly1, Jason Jones2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|September 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A new microchip electrophoresis injector offers highly repeatable sample volumes, improving quantitative analysis by overcoming limitations of traditional methods. This novel device enhances separation efficiency and is ideal for impurity analysis in pharmaceuticals.

Keywords:
Capillary electrophoresisInjection loopMicrofluidicsQuality controlSample injectionVolume metering

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Traditional microchip electrophoresis (MCE) methods face challenges with injection volume repeatability, impacting quantitative accuracy.
  • Electrokinetic injection (EKI) suffers from biases, while hydrodynamic injection (HI) is sensitive to pressure and sample properties.
  • Accurate quantitation of impurities, especially in pharmaceuticals and radiopharmaceuticals, requires highly reproducible sample introduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a novel microfluidic injector for MCE that achieves superior injection volume repeatability.
  • To demonstrate the injector's capability for quantitative analysis and impurity profiling.
  • To compare the performance of the novel injector against existing MCE injection techniques.

Main Methods:

  • A poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic chip was fabricated with an integrated injection loop and on-chip microvalves, mimicking an HPLC injection valve.
  • The injector was connected to a capillary electrophoresis setup with a UV absorbance detector for performance evaluation.
  • Separation efficiency and injection repeatability were assessed using single compounds, mixtures, and a positron-emission tomography (PET) imaging probe (FLT) with structurally similar byproducts.

Main Results:

  • The novel injector demonstrated excellent repeatability, with relative standard deviations (RSD) as low as 1.04% for single compounds and 0.40% for mixtures.
  • Performance was significantly improved compared to hydrodynamic injection, showing less dependence on sample viscosity and enhanced repeatability.
  • Baseline resolution was achieved for FLT and its byproducts, proving the system's utility for rapid, quantitative impurity analysis in radiopharmaceuticals.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic injector provides a straightforward and effective solution for highly repeatable sample volume injection in MCE.
  • This technology overcomes limitations of EKI and HI, enabling more accurate quantitative analysis and impurity detection.
  • The injector is suitable for various MCE applications requiring precise volume control, including pharmaceutical and radiopharmaceutical quality control.