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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.4K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve
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Alignment options for total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review.

C Rivière1, F Iranpour1, E Auvinet1

  • 1Laboratory Block, Charing Cross Campus, Fulham Palace Rd, W6 8RP London United Kingdom.

Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research : OTSR
|September 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Kinematic alignment (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) offers faster recovery and better functional outcomes than mechanical alignment (MA) TKA for many patients. Longer follow-up is needed to assess KA TKA

Keywords:
Adjusted techniqueAlignmentAnatomic alignmentKinematic alignmentRestricted techniqueTKA

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Functional outcomes in mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty (MA TKA) have plateaued despite surgical advancements.
  • This stagnation suggests intrinsic limitations in current MA TKA techniques.
  • Alternative, more anatomical surgical techniques are emerging to address these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify frontal alignment options for TKA implants.
  • To compare the safety and efficacy of alternative TKA alignment techniques against MA TKA.
  • To determine if alternative TKA positioning improves functional outcomes and identify contraindications for kinematic implantation.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar in February 2017.
  • Studies published in English or French peer-reviewed journals within the last ten years were included.
  • 13 eligible studies were identified from 569 initial reports.

Main Results:

  • Four alternative TKA alignment techniques were identified: anatomic (AA), adjusted mechanical (aMA), kinematic (KA), and restricted kinematic (rKA).
  • For osteoarthritic patients with mild to moderate frontal deformity, KA TKA demonstrated faster recovery and superior functional outcomes compared to MA TKA.
  • KA TKA shows promise for early to mid-term results, but requires longer follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • Kinematic alignment (KA) TKA may offer improved functional outcomes and faster recovery for select patients compared to traditional mechanical alignment (MA) TKA.
  • Certain pathoanatomical presentations may necessitate restricted kinematic (rKA) techniques or additional surgical corrections for optimal long-term outcomes.
  • Further long-term studies are required to establish definitive indications for each alternative TKA surgical technique.