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Related Concept Videos

Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

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Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
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Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Overview
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Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Assessing Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos B Cells after Overexpression or Knockdown of Specific Genes
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Modification of Antibody Function by Mutagenesis.

James R Dasch, Amy L Dasch

    Cold Spring Harbor Protocols
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Recombinant antibody engineering allows fine-tuning properties through mutagenesis, unlike fixed hybridoma antibodies. This method enables modification of antibody formats and binding sites for improved applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biotechnology
    • Immunology
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Hybridoma-derived antibodies possess fixed properties, limiting their adaptability.
    • Recombinant antibody technology allows for post-production modification and optimization.
    • Tailoring antibody characteristics is crucial for diverse therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe a straightforward method for fine-tuning recombinant antibodies via mutagenesis.
    • To enable the generation of antibody variants with enhanced properties.
    • To facilitate the modification of antibody binding sites, specifically complementarity determining regions (CDRs).

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the pComb3H vector for antibody cloning and display.
    • Employed a commercial mutagenesis kit and PfuTurbo polymerase.
    • Designed two mutagenic primers for targeted manipulation of heavy and light chain CDR3 regions.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully generated a library of phage displaying recombinant antibodies with mutagenized CDR3 regions.
    • Demonstrated a simple and effective method for antibody engineering.
    • Provided a pathway for creating diverse antibody variants from cloned heavy and light chain sequences.

    Conclusions:

    • Recombinant antibody engineering through mutagenesis offers significant advantages over fixed hybridoma antibodies.
    • The described method is accessible, utilizing commercially available reagents and kits.
    • This approach allows for the precise modification of antibody specificity and function.