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Iodine Symporter Targeting with 124I/131I Theranostics
James Nagarajah1,2, Marcel Janssen3, Philipp Hetkamp2
1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and james.nagarajah@radboudumc.nl.
Theranostics combines nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapeutics for personalized cancer treatment. This review highlights radioiodine isotopes for thyroid cancer and other neoplasms, including advanced prostate and neuroendocrine tumors.
Area of Science:
- Nuclear Medicine
- Oncology
- Radiochemistry
Background:
- Theranostics merges diagnostic and therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine.
- Radioiodine isotopes (e.g., 131I) have a long history in treating thyroid diseases.
- Individualized cancer treatment strategies are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To survey the use of radioiodine isotopes for targeting the sodium-iodine symporter in various cancers.
- To summarize theranostic applications in neuroendocrine neoplasms and metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer.
- To discuss the role of 124I dosimetry in thyroid cancer management.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on radioiodine theranostics.
- Discussion of sodium-iodine symporter targeting mechanisms.
- Case illustration of 124I dosimetry in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer.
Main Results:
- Radioiodine isotopes are effective for targeting the sodium-iodine symporter in thyroid and nonthyroidal neoplasms.
- 124I-based dosimetry aids in precise treatment planning for targeted radionuclide therapy.
- Redifferentiation therapy with trametinib shows potential in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer.
Conclusions:
- Theranostics offers a promising approach for optimizing and individualizing cancer therapy.
- Targeting the sodium-iodine symporter with radioiodine isotopes is a key strategy in nuclear oncology.
- 124I dosimetry and novel therapeutic agents represent advancements in managing refractory cancers.
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