Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

4.1K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
4.1K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

785
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
785
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

4.1K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
4.1K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

5.3K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
5.3K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.6K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
6.6K
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

6.3K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
6.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hot-melt extruded ibuprofen ternary solid dispersions using in-line UV-Vis: Impact of an ionizable polymer on thermodynamics and dissolution.

International journal of pharmaceutics: X·2026
Same author

Combining PC-SAFT and ML to Access Unknown API Solubilities.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Tandem Mobility Measurements of Ionic Liquid Cluster Volatilities.

Analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

Spray-Drying Process Optimization and Modeling for an Inhaled Dry Powder of 5-Azacytidine for Treating Local and Metastatic Lung Cancer.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

The More the Better?─Vitamin E TPGS as a Release Enhancer for Ritonavir/PVPVA Amorphous Solid Dispersions.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

The Hidden Crux of Correctly Determining Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2025
Same journal

Preventing tablet defects through vacuum-assisted deaeration of a powder bed.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Approaches for enhancing bioavailability of macromolecular drugs.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Characteristics of asymmetric microcrystalline solidification pellets and a better prediction for bioequiavailability based on solubility-permeability theory.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

A CFPD-FSI analysis of the impact of nasal hairs on airflow patterns, nasal resistance, and particle filtration in a realistic human nasal airway.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Transient hydrate formation during disintegration of film-coated pharmaceutical tablets.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same journal

Use of a hydrophilic excipient to modulate the release of dapivirine, copper ions and zinc ions from a matrix-type vaginal ring.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

2.6K

Moisture-induced phase separation and recrystallization in amorphous solid dispersions.

Christian Luebbert1, Gabriele Sadowski1

  • 1TU Dortmund, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|September 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study predicts moisture-induced amorphous-amorphous phase separation (MIAPS) in drug formulations using thermodynamic modeling. PC-SAFT accurately forecasts MIAPS, reducing the need for lengthy stability testing of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

Keywords:
Amorphous solid dispersionsHumidityLong-term stabilityMiscibilityPC-SAFTPhase separation

More Related Videos

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

9.0K
Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
11:38

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 23, 2026

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

2.6K
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

9.0K
Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
11:38

Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions

Published on: April 19, 2018

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) require stabilization in polymeric matrices to control dissolution and prevent recrystallization.
  • Stability studies are crucial in pharmaceutical development to assess long-term thermodynamic stability against moisture-induced amorphous-amorphous phase separation (MIAPS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict MIAPS in API/polymer formulations at elevated relative humidity (RH).
  • To validate thermodynamic modeling for forecasting formulation stability and reducing experimental testing time.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental determination of water-free formulation phase behavior using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
  • Modeling of water-free formulation phase behavior with Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT).
  • Prediction of API solubility and MIAPS under humid conditions.

Main Results:

  • PC-SAFT modeling accurately predicted API solubility and MIAPS, aligning with two-year stability study results.
  • MIAPS was observed and predicted for specific formulations (FEL/PVP, FEL/PVPVA64, IBU/PVP).
  • MIAPS was not predicted or observed for IBU/PVPVA64 and PVAC-containing formulations.

Conclusions:

  • Thermodynamic modeling with PC-SAFT can accurately predict the long-term stability of API/polymer formulations.
  • This approach effectively forecasts MIAPS, offering a time-saving alternative to extensive experimental stability tests.