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Proteomics

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...

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Optomechanical devices for deep plasma cancer proteomics.

Priscila M Kosaka¹, Montserrat Calleja¹, Javier Tamayo¹

¹Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología(IMN-CNM), CSIC, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.

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|September 5, 2017

Summary

Early cancer detection hinges on identifying protein biomarkers in blood. Current proteomic methods struggle with low concentrations, necessitating ultrasensitive nanomechanical systems for improved early tumor detection.

Keywords:

Antibody arrays Cancer biomarkers Early cancer detection Human proteomics Immunodetection Mass spectrometry Nanomechanical spectrometry Nanomechanical systems Plasma proteomics Ultrasensitive biosensors

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Proteomics
Cancer Diagnostics

Background:

Early cancer detection significantly reduces mortality by identifying tumors before metastasis.
Protein biomarkers shed into the bloodstream are promising for early cancer detection.
Current proteomic technologies (mass spectrometry, immunoassays) have limitations in detecting low-abundance biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the capabilities and limitations of existing proteomic technologies for detecting circulating tumor protein biomarkers.
To propose and review novel ultrasensitive nanomechanical systems for enhanced cancer biomarker discovery and detection.

Main Methods:

Analysis of current proteomic technology limitations for detecting low-concentration plasma proteins.
Review of nanomechanical systems, including nanomechanical sandwich immunoassays and nanomechanical spectrometry.
Evaluation of ultrasensitive detection limits (attogram/mL range) and protein identification capabilities.

Main Results:

Current proteomic technologies are insufficient for detecting protein biomarkers below the picogram/mL level in plasma.
Nanomechanical sandwich immunoassays demonstrate reproducible immunodetection below picogram/mL, with limits of detection around 10 attogram/mL.
Nanomechanical spectrometry allows protein identification by mass and stiffness, simplifying analysis and revealing interactions/modifications.

Conclusions:

Novel ultrasensitive techniques, specifically nanomechanical systems, are crucial to access the deeper regions of the plasma proteome for early cancer biomarker discovery.
Nanomechanical immunoassays offer potential for detecting low-abundance tumor proteins in early cancer stages.
Nanomechanical spectrometry provides a simplified approach to protein identification and characterization, complementing mass spectrometry.