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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by anaerobic gram-positive bacilli, primarily *Actinomyces israelii*.
  • Abdominal manifestations occur in only 20% of cases, typically involving the appendix or ileocecal valve.
  • Definitive diagnosis relies on cultures and microscopy, but biopsies and blood cultures are often negative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of primary hepatic actinomycosis.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic challenges associated with this rare condition.
  • To highlight the importance of histological examination in definitive diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A case study of a patient diagnosed with primary hepatic actinomycosis.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed via histological examination of a surgical specimen after left hepatectomy.
  • Clinical and imaging findings initially suggested a malignant lesion.

Main Results:

  • The patient was diagnosed with primary hepatic actinomycosis solely through histological examination of the surgical specimen.
  • Preoperative diagnosis of hepatic actinomycosis is rare, occurring in less than 10% of cases.
  • The condition, despite diagnostic difficulties, has an excellent prognosis with low mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Primary hepatic actinomycosis is a rare entity with nonspecific clinical and imaging features.
  • Histological examination of surgical specimens remains crucial for definitive diagnosis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment lead to favorable outcomes for hepatic actinomycosis.