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Radar-assisted wireless sensor communications using frequency-modulated reconfigurable intelligent surfaces.

Farid Morabet1, Marc Lazaro1, Ramon Villarino1

  • 1Department of Electric, Electronic and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, 43007, Spain.

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This study introduces a radar-assisted reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) for Internet of Things (IoT) sensing and communication. This framework enables low-data-rate communication by encoding data onto radar signals using a programmable RIS tag.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Computer Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Short-range continuous-wave (CW) radar sensing is vital for Internet of Things (IoT) applications like localization and gesture recognition.
  • Compact architectures are needed to integrate perception and data delivery in IoT devices.
  • Extending radar sensing to low-data-rate communication is an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel radar-assisted reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) sensing framework for low-data-rate IoT communications.
  • To enable the RIS to act as a sensing node by utilizing frequency-coded backscatter.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of integrating sensing and communication using a programmable RIS tag.

Main Methods:

  • A 24-GHz CW radar illuminates a compact programmable RIS tag with four unit cells loaded with PIN diodes.
  • Data is embedded by periodically modulating the RIS tag's radar cross section (RCS) via diode biasing.
  • Data is encoded using discrete RIS modulation frequencies and recovered from symmetric radar baseband sidebands.

Main Results:

  • Real-time sensing demonstrated with a symbol duration of 250 ms.
  • Error-free frame reception achieved for static tags up to 10 m and moving tags up to 4 m.
  • Average packet error rate (PER) below 0.1% during prolonged operation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed radar-assisted RIS framework successfully extends CW radar sensing to low-data-rate IoT communications.
  • Frequency-coded backscatter and RIS modulation offer robustness against DC clutter and Doppler frequency offsets.
  • The sensing node relies solely on low-frequency electronic control of the RIS, enabling compact and efficient designs.