Less Blood Damage in the Impeller Centrifugal Pump: A Comparative Study with the Roller Pump in Open Heart Surgery

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Surgery
• Biomedical Engineering
• Hematology

Background:

• Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is essential for open-heart surgery.
• Traditional roller pumps (RP) can cause significant blood trauma.
• Novel centrifugal pumps aim to minimize CPB-induced complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the clinical performance of the Nikkiso Centrifugal Pump (NP), Model HPM15.
• To compare blood trauma markers between NP and RP during CPB.
• To assess hemodynamic performance and biocompatibility of the NP in open-heart surgery.

Main Methods:

• Prospective study involving 14 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting.
• CPB was performed using the Nikkiso Centrifugal Pump (NP).
• Serum hemoglobin, platelet count, and p-thromboglobulin (pTG) levels were measured and compared to a historical RP group (n=10).

Main Results:

• No significant difference in CPB duration between NP (109 min) and RP (121 min) groups.
• Significantly lower serum p-thromboglobulin levels in the NP group at 90 min of CPB.
• Significantly lower plasma-free hemoglobin levels in the NP group at multiple time points post-CPB (p < 0.01).
• No significant difference in platelet depletion between the groups.

Conclusions:

• The Nikkiso Centrifugal Pump (HPM15) exhibits excellent hemodynamic performance.
• The NP demonstrates reduced blood trauma compared to roller pumps during CPB.
• The NP is a promising alternative for minimizing complications in open-heart surgery.