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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management01:23

Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management for a patient with arteriosclerosis involves a comprehensive approach focusing on lifestyle modification, disease monitoring, education, and symptomatic care. Here is an overview of effective nursing strategies:Assessment and Monitoring: Initial and ongoing assessments are crucial. Nurses must document the patient's medical history, including any hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Assessments also cover family history and lifestyle...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

306
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

617
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions
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Arterial stiffness and cognitive impairment.

Xiaoxuan Li1, Peiyuan Lyu1, Yanyan Ren1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China; Graduate School, HeBei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|September 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Arterial stiffness, a vascular health indicator, is linked to cognitive impairment. Managing arterial stiffness through lifestyle changes and medication may help prevent cognitive decline in older adults.

Keywords:
Ankle-brachial indexArterial stiffnessCognitive impairmentPulse-wave velocity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Neurology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Arterial stiffness, assessed by measures like pulse-wave velocity (PWV), is an early indicator of vascular changes.
  • It is recognized as an independent predictor of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
  • Growing evidence suggests a link between arterial stiffness and cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between specific arterial stiffness parameters and cognitive impairment.
  • To elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • To identify interventions for preventing cognitive impairment by managing arterial stiffness.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search of PubMed (2000-2017) using keywords 'arterial stiffness and cognitive impairment' and 'arterial stiffness and cognitive impairment mechanism'.
  • Inclusion of studies on human subjects over 30 years old.
  • Exclusion of studies with comorbid kidney disease, diabetes, or cardiac disease.

Main Results:

  • Increased arterial stiffness severity positively correlates with cognitive impairment.
  • Higher PWV, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), augmentation index (AI), carotid intima media thickness (IMT), and index-β, along with lower ankle-brachial index (ABI) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD), are associated with cognitive impairment.
  • Potential mechanisms include arterial pulsatility damaging cerebral microcirculation, leading to cerebral small vessel diseases, and reductions in white/gray matter integrity, medial temporal lobe atrophy, and Aβ deposition.

Conclusions:

  • Arterial stiffness is a sensitive predictor of cognitive impairment, particularly in the elderly.
  • Arterial stiffness severity can guide treatments to prevent or delay dementia onset and progression.
  • Early intervention and lifestyle modifications are recommended to manage arterial stiffness and prevent cognitive decline.