Retrospective cohort study of rough-surface titanium implants with at least 25 years' function

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Biomaterials Science
• Prosthodontics

Background:

• Understanding long-term clinical outcomes of dental implants is crucial for identifying failure factors.
• This knowledge aids in selecting appropriate treatment alternatives and improving implant success rates.

Purpose of the Study:

• To retrospectively analyze the long-term clinical outcomes of dental implants with titanium plasma-sprayed surfaces.
• To determine factors influencing implant survival rates and the incidence of peri-implantitis over 25 years.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of 223 dental implants and 106 prostheses from 92 patients (1984-1990).
• Kaplan-Meier survival curves used to calculate cumulative survival rates, peri-implantitis incidence, and complication-free prosthesis rates.
• Univariate and multivariate analyses identified factors affecting implant survival and peri-implantitis.

Main Results:

• Implant cumulative survival rates at 25 years were 89.8%; peri-implantitis incidence was 27.9%.
• Significant differences in outcomes were linked to implant position, gender, implant type, and keratinized mucosa width.
• Mechanical complication-free prosthesis rates at 25 years were 56.4%, with prosthesis type being a significant factor.

Conclusions:

• High dropout rates complicate long-term prognoses (>25 years).
• Peri-implantitis and late failures are influenced by gender, implant location, and keratinized mucosa width.
• Implant-supported overdentures required frequent repairs; tooth implant-supported prostheses are not recommended for long-term survival.