[Atopic dermatitis - risk factors and treatment]

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Genetics
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with significant public health impact in Poland, affecting 1.5-2.5 million individuals.
• The disease presents complex pathophysiology and diverse clinical phenotypes, leading to diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
• Genetic studies reveal over 1000 chromosomal loci associated with AD, highlighting its heterogeneous nature.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the complex pathophysiology and genetic underpinnings of atopic dermatitis.
• To identify various risk factors contributing to the development of AD.
• To discuss the impact of AD on patients' quality of life and explore advanced therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on atopic dermatitis pathophysiology, genetics, and risk factors.
• Analysis of epidemiological data regarding AD prevalence in Poland.
• Examination of current and emerging treatment modalities, including biological therapies.

Main Results:

• Over 1000 genetic loci have been linked to atopic dermatitis, indicating significant genetic heterogeneity.
• Identified risk factors include cigarette smoking, prenatal alcohol exposure, obesity, and birth weight variations.
• The quality of life for AD patients is substantially impaired, affecting personal and professional spheres.

Conclusions:

• The heterogeneity of atopic dermatitis necessitates personalized treatment approaches.
• Biological therapies represent an individualized strategy for managing AD.
• A tailored approach to disease management holds promise for addressing the challenges posed by atopic dermatitis.