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A metacognitive illusion in monkeys.

Stephen Ferrigno1, Nate Kornell2, Jessica F Cantlon3

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA sferrigno@rcbi.rochester.edu.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|September 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monkeys, like humans, can assess their memory confidence. This study reveals monkeys use perceptual fluency, a heuristic cue, influencing their confidence judgments even when accuracy is unaffected, suggesting shared metacognitive illusions.

Keywords:
comparative cognitionmetacognitionprimatesuncertainty monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior
  • Metacognition

Background:

  • Humans exhibit metacognitive abilities, including accurate confidence judgments.
  • Animal metacognition research explores whether animals possess similar self-awareness of their cognitive states.
  • Existing theories propose associative learning or direct memory strength estimation for animal confidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if monkeys utilize heuristic cues, such as perceptual fluency, for metacognitive judgments.
  • To determine if monkeys' confidence assessments are influenced by factors independent of actual memory accuracy.
  • To explore parallels between human and non-human primate metacognitive processes.

Main Methods:

  • A match-to-sample task was employed with rhesus monkeys.
  • Perceptual fluency of visual stimuli was systematically manipulated.
  • Monkeys reported their confidence in task performance via wagers.
  • Confidence judgments were analyzed in relation to stimulus fluency and trial accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Monkey confidence wagers were significantly influenced by the perceptual fluency of stimuli.
  • This effect persisted even when stimulus perceptual fluency did not correlate with actual task accuracy.
  • Monkeys demonstrated susceptibility to metacognitive illusions driven by heuristic cues.

Conclusions:

  • Monkeys, analogous to humans, employ heuristic cues in making metacognitive inferences.
  • Perceptual fluency serves as a metacognitive cue for monkeys, impacting confidence judgments.
  • This study provides novel evidence for shared metacognitive illusions across species, challenging purely memory-strength-based models.