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Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in African Americans with Localized Aggressive Periodontitis.

D Burgess1, H Huang1, P Harrison1,2

  • 1Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

JDR Clinical and Translational Research
|September 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The highly leukotoxic JP2 sequence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was found in 50% of subjects. This JP2 sequence is strongly linked to localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) in young African Americans.

Keywords:
bacteriabacterial virulencechildreninflammationjuvenile periodontitismicrobiology

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Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Microbiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.) is associated with aggressive periodontitis.
  • The JP2 sequence of A.a. encodes a leukotoxin implicated in periodontal destruction.
  • Prevalence of A.a. JP2 sequence in African American populations requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of the highly leukotoxic JP2 sequence versus the minimally leukotoxic non-JP2 sequence of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
  • To investigate the association of these sequences with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) in young African Americans.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of subgingival plaque DNA.
  • Study cohort: 180 young African Americans (5-25 years) including LAP patients, healthy siblings, and unrelated healthy controls.
  • Detection of JP2 and non-JP2 sequences of A. actinomycetemcomitans.

Main Results:

  • Overall, 50% of subjects carried the JP2 sequence.
  • The JP2 sequence was detected in 83.33% of LAP patients, significantly more than in healthy siblings (26.67%) and controls (40%).
  • The non-JP2 sequence was found in 14.44% of subjects, with a lower prevalence in LAP patients compared to JP2 carriers.

Conclusions:

  • The highly leukotoxic JP2 sequence of A. actinomycetemcomitans is strongly associated with localized aggressive periodontitis in young African Americans.
  • Findings suggest JP2 carriage is a significant risk factor for LAP.
  • Results can aid clinicians in identifying susceptible individuals for targeted therapeutic choices.