Cardiorenal syndrome in sepsis: A narrative review

Multi-organ dysfunction is seen in nearly 40-60% of all patients presenting with sepsis, including renal and cardiac dysfunction. Cardiorenal syndrome type-5 reflects concomitant cardiac and renal dysfunction secondary to a systemic condition that primarily affects both organs, such as sepsis. There are limited data on the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical implications of cardiorenal syndrome in sepsis. Cardiac dysfunction and injury can be measured with cardiac biomarkers, echocardiographic dysfunction, and hemodynamic parameters. Acute kidney injury is systematically evaluated using serum creatinine and urine output criteria. This review seeks to systematically describe the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of cardiorenal syndrome type-5 in the setting of sepsis.