Risk factors for chronic periodontitis in Sri Lankan adults: a population based case-control study

Area of Science:

• Periodontology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Chronic periodontitis is a prevalent oral disease affecting adults.
• Understanding risk factors is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify socio-demographic, behavioral, and co-morbid risk factors for chronic periodontitis.
• To investigate these factors in adults aged 30-60 in Sri Lanka.

Main Methods:

• Population-based unmatched case-control study design.
• Inclusion of 694 cases and 706 controls from Colombo district, Sri Lanka.
• Data collection via interviewer-administered questionnaires, physical examinations, and oral examinations.

Main Results:

• Male gender, Muslim religious affiliation, and age group 45-60 years were significant risk factors.
• Lower education (<12 years), finger-based teeth cleaning, current smoking, and betel quid chewing were identified as risks.
• Self-reported diabetes and hypertension emerged as independent risk factors for chronic periodontitis.

Conclusions:

• Multiple socio-demographic, behavioral factors, and co-morbidities are independently associated with chronic periodontitis.
• Findings can inform public health programs to mitigate chronic periodontitis burden in Sri Lanka.