Oral Changes and the Role of Hygiene in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women - A Comparative Study

Menopause is a transitional phase involving significant hormonal changes that influence the oral cavity. Oral manifestations such as hyposalivation, xerostomia, periodontal disease, mucosal changes, burning mouth syndrome, and altered taste are frequently observed. However, the role of oral hygiene during this stage is often underemphasized.

To assess oral changes and the role of oral hygiene in women across pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal stages, and to explore their secondary impact on systemic and psychological well-being.

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 women (20 in each menopausal stage). Oral parameters evaluated included salivary flow and pH, periodontal indices, taste perception, and mucosal changes. Data were analyzed using Spearman's correlation and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Salivary flow and pH declined significantly from pre- to postmenopausal groups. Higher prevalence of xerostomia, burning mouth, impaired taste perception, and periodontal breakdown were noted in peri- and postmenopausal women. Poorer oral health indices were associated with reduced hygiene practices and showed correlations with systemic parameters (lipids, blood pressure, and glucose) and psychological distress scores.

Menopausal transition has a pronounced effect on oral health and hygiene maintenance. Neglected oral conditions may secondarily worsen systemic risk factors and psychological well-being. Emphasis on preventive oral care and routine dental screening should form an essential part of menopausal health programs.