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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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MicroRNAs and Cancer: A Long Story for Short RNAs.

Alessandra Drusco1, Carlo M Croce1

  • 1Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.

Advances in Cancer Research
|September 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs, noncoding genes discovered decades after DNA structure, are revolutionizing cancer research. This review details their journey from basic science to clinical applications in cancer genetics.

Keywords:
CrickDNADiagnosisGene functionMicroRNAMutationPrognosisTherapyTranslational applicationTranslational targetWatson

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An In Vitro Protocol for Evaluating MicroRNA Levels, Functions, and Associated Target Genes in Tumor Cells
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An In Vitro Protocol for Evaluating MicroRNA Levels, Functions, and Associated Target Genes in Tumor Cells

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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An In Vitro Protocol for Evaluating MicroRNA Levels, Functions, and Associated Target Genes in Tumor Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The discovery of DNA structure by Watson and Crick revolutionized medical science, particularly in understanding and treating cancer.
  • Advancements in molecular biology and technology enabled the identification of mutated protein-coding genes in various cancers, revealing complex signaling pathways.
  • Despite progress, few genetic discoveries have translated into clinical applications for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, or therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a chronological history of microRNA discovery and their role in cancer.
  • To highlight the scientific journey from initial microRNA identification in C. elegans to their impact on cancer research and medicine.
  • To discuss the concurrent technological advancements and future translational applications of microRNAs in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of scientific literature and discoveries.
  • Chronological tracing of microRNA research from basic science to clinical relevance.
  • Analysis of technological advancements supporting microRNA research and application.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs represent the first class of noncoding genes implicated in cancer development.
  • The discovery of microRNAs has opened new avenues for understanding cancer genetics.
  • Significant progress has been made in exploring microRNAs for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies in cancer.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are a pivotal discovery in cancer genetics, offering promising translational potential.
  • The ongoing research into microRNAs signifies a major advancement in oncology over the past two decades.
  • Continued exploration of microRNAs and associated technologies is crucial for future cancer treatment strategies.