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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells
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Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells

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Animal Models to Study MicroRNA Function.

Arpita S Pal1, Andrea L Kasinski2

  • 1PULSe Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.

Advances in Cancer Research
|September 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs regulate development and cellular processes. Transgenic model organisms like worms and mice reveal microRNA roles in normal physiology and cancer, aiding therapeutic development.

Keywords:
Caenorhabditis elegansCancerDanio rerioDrosophila melanogasterFruit flyFunctionGEMMsIn vivoMicroRNAModel systemsMouseMus musculusTransgenicZebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, initially discovered for their roles in development.
  • Their conservation across species highlights fundamental biological importance.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in human diseases, particularly cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the significant contributions of model organisms to microRNA research.
  • To highlight the utility of various transgenic models in understanding miRNA functions.
  • To discuss the application of these models in cancer research and therapeutic evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and evaluation of transgenic models in *Caenorhabditis elegans*, *Drosophila melanogaster*, *Danio rerio*, and *Mus musculus*.
  • In vivo and in vitro studies to elucidate microRNA-dependent cellular processes.
  • Utilizing complex animal models, such as mice, for cancer research and preclinical drug testing.

Main Results:

  • Simple model organisms (worms, flies, zebrafish) are crucial for characterizing miRNA biogenesis and normal cellular functions.
  • Complex models (mice) validate findings and demonstrate the role of miRNA dysregulation in cancer.
  • Transgenic mice are valuable for assessing the efficacy of miRNA-based cancer therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Model organisms provide indispensable systems for dissecting microRNA functions in vivo.
  • Insights from simple models translate to understanding complex diseases like cancer.
  • Transgenic models are essential for advancing microRNA therapeutics, especially in oncology.