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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery
Published on: February 13, 2017
Liquid Quinones for Solvent-Free Redox Flow Batteries
Akihiro Shimizu1, Keisuke Takenaka1, Naoyuki Handa2
1Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Japan.
Abstract:
Liquid benzoquinone and naphthoquinone having diethylene glycol monomethyl ether groups are designed and synthesized as redox active materials that dissolve supporting electrolytes. The Li-ion batteries based on the liquid quinones using LiBF4 /PC show good performance in terms of voltage, capacity, energy efficiency, and cyclability in both static and flow modes. A battery is constructed without using intentionally added organic solvent, and its high energy density (264 W h L-1 ) demonstrates the potential of solvent-free organic redox flow batteries using liquid active materials.
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