Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
06:38

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

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Second-line systemic therapy in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma: A review

Rohit K Jain1, Shipra Gandhi1, Saby George1

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY.

Urologic Oncology
|September 10, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Treatment for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (mRCC) has advanced with new targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Newer agents show survival benefits, but optimal sequencing of these advanced treatments for mRCC remains a challenge.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (mRCC) treatment has significantly evolved.
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors and immunotherapy have transformed mRCC care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of second-line treatment options for mRCC.
  • To discuss the challenges in choosing and sequencing therapies for mRCC patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current therapeutic options for mRCC.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for newer agents.

Main Results:

  • Axitinib and everolimus are established second-line options.
  • Nivolumab, cabozantinib, and lenvatinib (with everolimus) demonstrate improved survival over everolimus.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple effective second-line treatments are available for mRCC.
  • Optimal selection and sequencing of these agents are critical for patient outcomes.
Keywords:
ImmunotherapyMetastatic renal-cell carcinomaSecond-line

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