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Related Concept Videos

Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Molecular Factors Affecting Cell Division01:27

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Several external and internal factors influence the initiation and inhibition of cell division. For instance, the death of nearby cells or the release of human growth hormone (hGH) promotes cell division. In contrast, lack of hGH or crowding of cells can inhibit cell division.
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Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence
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Techniques to Induce and Quantify Cellular Senescence

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Epigenetic regulation in cell senescence.

Li-Qin Cheng1, Zhu-Qin Zhang1, Hou-Zao Chen2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)
|September 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Cell senescence, an irreversible cell arrest, contributes to aging and tissue dysfunction. Epigenetic changes like DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling drive these senescence phenotypes, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Chromatin remodelling complexDNA methylationHistone modificationSenescencencRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology and Epigenetics

Background:

  • Cell senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest, is increasingly recognized as a key factor in age-related tissue dysfunction.
  • Various stressors can induce cell senescence, altering gene expression and signaling pathways, leading to distinct cellular phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the role of epigenetic mechanisms in cell senescence.
  • To discuss the impact of epigenetic alterations on senescence phenotypes and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cell senescence and epigenetics.
  • Analysis of epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and ncRNA expression in senescence.
  • Discussion of interactions among epigenetic mechanisms during senescence.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms are critical regulators of cell senescence, influencing gene expression and chromatin architecture.
  • Cell senescence is characterized by significant changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and ncRNA expression.
  • These epigenetic alterations interact with regulatory networks to produce diverse senescence phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic alterations are integral to the development and manifestation of cell senescence.
  • Understanding these epigenetic changes is crucial for developing biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for senescence-associated diseases.
  • The review highlights the potential of targeting epigenetic signatures for treating aging and related conditions.