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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

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Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Child with Allergies or Allergic Reactions.

Reshma A1, Arun K Baranwal2

  • 1Advanced Pediatric Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|September 12, 2017
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Summary

Pediatric allergic disorders are rising due to lifestyle changes, impacting children's quality of life. Accurate diagnosis and allergen avoidance are key, alongside medical treatments for these IgE-mediated reactions.

Keywords:
Allergic reactionsAllergyAnaphylaxisChildren

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Environmental Health
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Childhood allergic disorders, including allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, show a significant increasing incidence.
  • These conditions are often IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to common environmental and food antigens.
  • Misdiagnosis as recurrent infections is common, highlighting the need for careful clinical evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence, diagnosis, and management of allergic disorders in children.
  • To emphasize the importance of differentiating allergic conditions from infections.
  • To outline current therapeutic strategies for pediatric allergic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pediatric allergic disorders.
  • Emphasis on clinical history and physical examination for diagnosis.
  • Discussion of management strategies including allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Allergic disorders present a growing public health concern in pediatric populations.
  • Diagnostic tests for specific allergens have limitations.
  • Effective management involves allergen avoidance and a combination of pharmacological agents.

Conclusions:

  • Careful pediatric assessment is crucial for accurate diagnosis of allergic disorders.
  • Management requires a multi-faceted approach including allergen avoidance and symptomatic treatment.
  • Specialist consultation is recommended for persistent or recurrent pediatric allergic conditions.