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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
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Nonstandard Reaction Conditions
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Observation of the spin Nernst effect.

S Meyer1,2, Y-T Chen3,4, S Wimmer5

  • 1Walther-Meißner-Institut, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Walther-Meißner-Straße 8, 85748 Garching, Germany.

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Summary

Researchers observed the spin Nernst effect, completing the understanding of pure spin current transport. This discovery, using platinum thin films, reveals a new phenomenon comparable to the spin Hall effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spintronics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The study of pure spin current transport is crucial for spintronics.
  • The spin Hall effect, spin Seebeck effect, and spin Peltier effect have been experimentally verified.
  • The spin Nernst effect remained theoretically proposed, lacking experimental observation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally observe and characterize the spin Nernst effect.
  • To complete the understanding of fundamental spin current phenomena.
  • To investigate the relationship between the spin Nernst effect and other spin transport effects.

Main Methods:

  • Generating a pure transverse spin current in a platinum (Pt) thin film using a longitudinal temperature gradient.
  • Utilizing the magnetization-orientation-dependent spin transfer to an adjacent yttrium iron garnet (YIG) layer for readout.
  • Measuring the controlled change in longitudinal and transverse thermopower voltage.

Main Results:

  • Experimental observation of the spin Nernst effect in a Pt thin film.
  • Demonstration of converting the spin Nernst current into measurable thermopower voltage.
  • The spin Nernst effect in Pt was found to be comparable in magnitude but opposite in sign to the spin Hall effect.

Conclusions:

  • The experimental observation of the spin Nernst effect fills a critical gap in the understanding of pure spin current transport.
  • The findings highlight the significance of the spin Nernst effect in spintronic applications.
  • First-principles calculations corroborated the experimental results, confirming the nature and magnitude of the spin Nernst effect in Pt.