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Altered Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Characteristics in Macrodactyly.

Xi Yang1, Yongkang Jiang1, Gang Han2

  • 1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, P.R. China.

Scientific Reports
|September 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in macrodactyly exhibit enhanced proliferation and altered differentiation, potentially explaining the condition's overgrowth and tissue abnormalities. These findings offer new insights into macrodactyly's pathological mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Macrodactyly involves congenital overgrowth of adipose tissue, hyperostosis, and nerve enlargement, with unclear pathological mechanisms.
  • Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are studied in regenerative medicine, but their role in macrodactyly pathogenesis is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize ASCs from macrodactyly adipose tissue (Mac-ASCs).
  • To compare Mac-ASCs with normal ASCs (Sat-ASCs) regarding morphology, markers, proliferation, and differentiation potential.
  • To elucidate the pathological contribution of ASCs in macrodactyly.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of ASCs from macrodactyly and normal subcutaneous adipose tissue.
  • Assessment of cell morphology, surface marker expression (e.g., CD markers).
  • Evaluation of proliferation rates (e.g., S-phase proportion) and tri-lineage differentiation capacity (osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic).

Main Results:

  • Mac-ASCs and Sat-ASCs exhibited similar morphology and surface marker expression.
  • Mac-ASCs demonstrated significantly higher proliferation rates and increased S-phase proportion compared to Sat-ASCs.
  • Mac-ASCs showed enhanced osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation but reduced adipogenic potential, with lower adipogenic gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • ASCs in macrodactyly possess enhanced proliferation activity and altered differentiation potential, with a regression in their differentiation stage.
  • These altered ASC characteristics in macrodactyly may contribute to adipose tissue overgrowth, hyperostosis, and nerve enlargement.
  • The study uncovers a potential pathological mechanism involving ASCs in macrodactyly development.