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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
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Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Active ERK in the C. elegans Germline
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Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Active ERK in the C. elegans Germline

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Developmental ERK Signaling Goes Digital.

Coralie Dessauges1, Olivier Pertz1

  • 1Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

Developmental Cell
|September 13, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a biosensor to track ERK activity in C. elegans larvae. They discovered that cell fate decisions rely on digital ERK pulses, explaining how signals create precise cell patterns.

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Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
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Author Spotlight: Manipulating Signaling in Zebrafish Embryos to Decode Cell Fate Decisions
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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Signaling pathways

Background:

  • Cell fate determination is crucial for development.
  • Morphogen gradients typically provide graded signals.
  • Robust cell fate patterns arise from these signals, but the mechanism is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel biosensor for measuring ERK activity dynamics.
  • To investigate the role of ERK signaling in cell fate decisions in C. elegans.
  • To elucidate how graded morphogen signals are translated into precise cell fate outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a genetically encoded biosensor to visualize ERK activity in real-time.
  • Live imaging of C. elegans larvae.
  • Analysis of ERK activity dynamics in response to developmental signals.

Main Results:

  • ERK activity occurs in frequency-modulated, digital pulses.
  • These pulses are critical for cell fate decision signaling.
  • The study provides a mechanism for converting graded morphogen signals into robust cell fate patterns.

Conclusions:

  • ERK activity dynamics, specifically digital pulses, play a key role in cell fate decisions.
  • This mechanism ensures precise and robust cell fate patterning during development.
  • The findings offer insights into fundamental developmental signaling processes.