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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...

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Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies
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Deep Eutectic Solvent Functionalized Graphene Composite as an Extremely High Potency Flame Retardant.

Dattatray A Pethsangave1, Rahul V Khose1, Pravin H Wadekar1

  • 1Department of Dyestuff Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology , Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel graphene derivative using deep eutectic solvents (DES) as a potent, non-toxic flame retardant. This eco-friendly material significantly enhances fabric fire resistance, offering a sustainable solution for safety applications.

Keywords:
choline chlorideflame retardantgraphene oxidemonosodium dihydrogen orthophosphate and phosphorus

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Developing effective and environmentally friendly flame retardants is crucial for enhancing material safety.
  • Graphene derivatives offer unique properties for advanced material applications.
  • Deep eutectic solvents present a green chemistry approach for material synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel deep eutectic solvent functionalized graphene oxide (DESGO) as an effective flame retardant.
  • To investigate the flame retardant properties of the synthesized DESGO material.
  • To establish a cost-effective method for bulk production of high-potency flame retardants.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of DESGO by functionalizing graphene oxide with nitrogen-supported phosphorus groups using a deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride and monosodium dihydrogen orthophosphate).
  • Characterization of DESGO using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy.
  • Testing flame retardant efficacy by coating cloth samples and assessing their performance under flame exposure.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized DESGO material was successfully characterized, confirming the successful introduction of functional groups.
  • DESGO-coated cloth exhibited exceptional flame retardancy, remaining intact for over 540 seconds (9 minutes) with minimal smoke.
  • Pristine cloth burned out completely within 10 seconds, highlighting the significant protective effect of DESGO.

Conclusions:

  • A simple, green, and cost-effective method for producing a highly potent, non-toxic flame retardant based on functionalized graphene oxide was developed.
  • The DESGO material demonstrates excellent potential for bulk production and widespread application in enhancing fire safety.
  • This approach offers a sustainable pathway for creating advanced nanomaterials for flame retardant applications.