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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
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Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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The Nucleosome02:33

The Nucleosome

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DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
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3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells
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The 4D nucleome project.

Job Dekker1, Andrew S Belmont2, Mitchell Guttman3

  • 1Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.

Nature
|September 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 4D Nucleome Network is mapping genome structure and dynamics in 3D space and over time. This research provides mechanistic insights into nuclear organization and its role in gene regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Understanding genome organization is crucial for deciphering gene regulation.
  • The nucleus's spatial and temporal architecture influences cellular functions.
  • Current methods require further development for comprehensive mapping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply novel approaches for mapping genome structure and dynamics.
  • To gain mechanistic insights into nuclear organization and function.
  • To investigate the link between genome organization and gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Developing and benchmarking experimental and computational techniques.
  • Measuring genome conformation and nuclear organization.
  • Combining validated technologies with biophysical modeling.

Main Results:

  • Establishing quantitative models of spatial genome organization.
  • Analyzing genome organization in diverse biological states.
  • Validating approaches for cell populations and single cells.

Conclusions:

  • The 4D Nucleome Network advances the understanding of genome organization.
  • Developed methods provide new tools for studying nuclear function.
  • This work bridges spatial genome organization with gene regulation insights.