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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Techniques for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry

Techniques for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry

Published on: March 17, 2015

Extracellular Vesicle Flow Cytometry Analysis and Standardization.

Joshua A Welsh¹, Judith A Holloway¹, James S Wilkinson²

¹Faculty of Medicine, University of SouthamptonSouthampton, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

|September 16, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High-resolution flow cytometry offers promising extracellular vesicle (EV) analysis but lacks standardization. Addressing standardization challenges is crucial for validating EVs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics.

Keywords:

EV Extracellular vesicles (EVs)extracellular vesicles flow cytometry (FCM)fluorescence standardization scattering scattering standardization

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Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Techniques for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Flow Cytometry

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Published on: March 17, 2015

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Published on: February 12, 2019

Single Extracellular Vesicle Transmembrane Protein Characterization by Nano-Flow Cytometry

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Published on: July 26, 2022

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Nanotechnology
Cell Biology

Background:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived vesicles (30-1,000 nm) crucial for intercellular communication.
Accurate counting and phenotyping of EVs are hindered by their small size and complex composition.
Conventional methods face limitations in characterizing the full spectrum of EV sizes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advances in high-resolution flow cytometry (HR-FCM) for EV characterization.
To discuss the challenges and future directions for standardizing EV scatter and fluorescence data.
To highlight the importance of standardization for EV biomarker and therapeutic validation.

Main Methods:

High-resolution flow cytometry (HR-FCM) as a high-throughput, single-particle analysis technique.
Analysis of light scattering and fluorescence properties of extracellular vesicles.
Review of current literature on HR-FCM development and standardization efforts.

Main Results:

HR-FCM enables high-throughput, multi-parameter analysis of single EVs across a wide size range.
Standardization of light scattering and fluorescence data across different flow cytometers remains a significant challenge.
Lack of standardization hinders reproducibility and validation of EVs for clinical applications.

Conclusions:

HR-FCM is the most promising technique for comprehensive EV characterization.
Standardization of HR-FCM is essential for reliable EV quantification and phenotyping.
Overcoming standardization hurdles is critical for advancing EVs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics.