Exploiting molecular genomics in precision radiation oncology: a marriage of biological and physical precision

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Radiation Oncology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Local tumor control is crucial for curing head and neck and prostate cancers.
• Despite advances in precision radiotherapy (RT), 30-40% of patients experience treatment relapse.
• Molecular profiling has uncovered distinct biological drivers of tumor aggression and therapy resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review key molecular profiling findings relevant for clinical stratification in head and neck and prostate cancers.
• To propose novel clinicomolecular models for identifying aggressive tumor subsets.
• To guide optimal management strategies integrating targeted agents, immunotherapy, and RT.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of large-scale molecular profiling studies in head and neck and prostate cancers.
• Analysis of findings related to tumor aggression and therapy resistance.
• Development of combinatorial clinicomolecular models.

Main Results:

• Molecular profiling has redefined the classification of head and neck and prostate cancers.
• Specific molecular events correlate with tumor aggression and resistance to conventional therapies.
• Identified potential for improved patient stratification and personalized treatment approaches.

Conclusions:

• Molecular insights are essential for improving treatment outcomes in head and neck and prostate cancers.
• Combinatorial clinicomolecular models can guide the use of targeted agents, immunotherapy, and RT.
• Personalized treatment strategies hold promise for overcoming therapeutic resistance and improving cure rates.