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Engineering Quantitative Trait Variation for Crop Improvement by Genome Editing.

Daniel Rodríguez-Leal1, Zachary H Lemmon1, Jarrett Man2

  • 1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.

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|September 19, 2017
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Summary

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of plant promoters creates new genetic variations for crop breeding. This method rapidly improves traits like fruit size and plant architecture, boosting crop yields.

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9QTLbreedingcis-regulatorydomesticationfloweringfruit sizeinflorescencequantitative variationtomato

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and breeding
  • Genome editing technologies
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Crop yield improvements are crucial for future food security.
  • Traditional plant breeding relies on slow selection of natural mutations in gene regulatory regions.
  • CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing offers a powerful tool for genetic modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate CRISPR/Cas9 promoter editing for generating beneficial quantitative trait variation in crops.
  • To develop a rapid method for evaluating the impact of novel cis-regulatory alleles.
  • To enhance crop productivity through fine-tuning yield components.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to edit tomato gene promoters, creating diverse cis-regulatory alleles.
  • Employed a genetic scheme leveraging trans-generational Cas9 activity in heterozygous loss-of-function mutants.
  • Evaluated phenotypic impacts on fruit size, inflorescence branching, and plant architecture.

Main Results:

  • Generated diverse promoter variants conferring beneficial quantitative variation for breeding.
  • Successfully linked specific promoter edits to significant changes in productivity traits.
  • Enabled rapid selection and fixation of novel, beneficial alleles in transgene-free plants.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 promoter editing is an effective strategy for generating novel genetic variation in crop breeding.
  • The developed method accelerates the evaluation and selection of beneficial alleles for yield enhancement.
  • This approach provides a foundation for understanding gene regulation and its role in quantitative trait control.