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Updated: Feb 22, 2026
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy
Published on: August 19, 2021
Sentinel Node Navigation Surgery for Early Gastric Cancer: Analysis of Factors Which Affect Direction of Lymphatic
Atsuo Shida1, Norio Mitsumori2, Shuichi Fujioka2
1Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. atsuoshida@ybb.ne.jp.
Background And Purpose:
We started performing sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) for patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) using infrared ray electronic endoscopy (IREE) with indocyanine green injection from year 2000. The EGCs usually have complex lymphatic drainage, unidirectional or multidirectional lymphatic flow. In this study, we investigated and clarified factors that affect the direction of gastric lymphatic drainage.
Patients And Method:
Consecutive 60 patients with EGC who underwent SNNS by IREE from year 2006 to 2014 were enrolled to this study. Patients' age, gender, location of tumors, operative method, previous treatment by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), presence of pathological ulcerative scar and maximum tumor diameter were enrolled as parameters which may affect direction of lymphatic drainage and analyzed.
Result:
Bivariate analysis demonstrated that the presence of pathological ulcerative scar (P = 0.01), tumor location (g.c vs. a.w vs. p.w vs. l.c, P = 0.01), and maxim tumor diameter (P = 0.0003) were relevant to direction of gastric lymphatic drainage. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor location (g.c/a.w/p.w vs. l.c, odds ratio 8.227, P = 0.011) and the maximum tumor diameter (odds ratio 1.057, P = 0.037) are independent factors that affect direction of gastric lymphatic flow. Of tumors, 78% located at lesser curvature had unidirectional lymphatic drainage, and 93% of tumors whose diameter was 40 mm and more had multidirectional lymphatic drainage.
Conclusion:
Our investigation revealed that the tumor location and tumor diameter were the key factors which affect the direction of lymphatic drainage, which is useful fact to understand the complexity of gastric lymphatic drainage.
