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01:11Oral Cavity
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The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
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01:27Language and Cognition
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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01:22Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System I: Ingestion and Propulsion
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The physiology of the gastrointestinal system begins with ingestion as food enters the mouth.
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01:26Assessment of the Mouth
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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
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01:15Teeth
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The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...
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01:30Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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[Mind your teeth - the relationship between mastication and cognition].
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Tandheelkunde
|September 19, 2017
Summary
Elderly individuals with dementia face higher risks of oral health issues. Cognitive decline may impact self-care, while mastication
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Neuroscience
- Oral Health
Background:
- Elderly individuals, particularly those with dementia, exhibit increased susceptibility to oral health problems, including orofacial pain and tooth loss.
- Cognitive and motor impairments associated with dementia may lead to reduced self-care, exacerbating oral health decline.
- A bidirectional relationship between cognition and oral health is hypothesized, suggesting mutual influence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the complex relationship between oral health and cognitive function in the elderly, especially those with dementia.
- To investigate potential mechanisms linking cognitive decline, self-care, and oral health status.
- To review existing evidence on the impact of mastication on cognitive function.
Main Methods:
Main Results:
- Animal studies indicate that reduced masticatory activity can lead to memory loss and neuronal degeneration.
- Human studies suggest a connection between mastication and cognition, but a definitive cause-effect relationship remains unclear.
- Multiple factors, including self-care, nutrition, stress, and pain, likely mediate the oral health-cognition relationship.
Conclusions:
- The interplay between oral health and cognitive function in the elderly is multifactorial.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the causal pathways between mastication, cognition, and overall health in dementia patients.
- Interventions targeting oral self-care and nutrition may be beneficial for both oral and cognitive health in this population.