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Technical Note: A simple algorithm to convert EPID gray values into absorbed dose to water without prior knowledge.

Christine Boutry1, Aurélie Sors1, Jimmy Fontaine2

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Summary

This study introduces a straightforward algorithm for Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) dosimetry, correlating pixel gray-level with average linac dose. This method enables reliable dose-to-water detection for various beam types without prior irradiation knowledge.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Quality Assurance

Background:

  • Integrating Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID)-based dosimetry into quality control workflows presents challenges.
  • Current methods often rely on complex relationships between image gray-level and total delivered dose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple algorithm for EPID dosimetry that correlates pixel gray-level with average linac dose per acquisition frame.
  • To simplify EPID-based dosimetry for enhanced quality control in radiation therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Calibration models were developed for Varian and Elekta linacs, incorporating scattering and backscatter corrections.
  • A logarithmic conversion model (Dfnorm=A+B∗lnNgnorm-C) was established using homogeneous fields.
  • The model's accuracy was validated by comparing converted and calculated dose distributions for homogeneous and modulated beams using gamma analysis.

Main Results:

  • A logarithmic curve accurately fits the relationship between normalized average dose per frame and normalized pixel gray value.
  • Gamma analysis (2%, 2 mm) between converted and calculated dose distributions yielded a pass rate exceeding 97% for all tested fields.
  • The method demonstrated high accuracy for both linac control and pretreatment patient fields.

Conclusions:

  • EPID can be reliably used as a dose-to-water detector for both homogeneous and modulated beams.
  • This approach simplifies EPID dosimetry, requiring only incident beam energy knowledge.
  • The developed algorithm facilitates easier integration of EPID dosimetry into quality control protocols.