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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

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C(sp3 )-H Bond Activation by Vinylidene Gold(I) Complexes: A Concerted Asynchronous or Stepwise Process?
Johannes E M N Klein1,2, Gerald Knizia3, Laura Nunes Dos Santos Comprido4
1Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Abstract:
A detailed analysis of the C(sp3 )-H activation process by vinylidene AuI complexes is described based on an intrinsic bond orbital analysis. Based on our analysis this event can be divided into three phases: (i) hydride transfer, (ii) C-C bond formation, and (iii) σ to π rearrangement of the lone pair coordinated to Au. Small perturbations of the system lead to either a concerted asynchronous reaction, or a stepwise reaction featuring an intermediate with a C-H-C three-centre two-electron (3c-2e) bond. The role of π-donating substituents is highlighted and provides a way of controlling reactions of this type in future experimental studies.
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