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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Mechanical Ventilation Boot Camp Curriculum
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Development and Validation of a Mobile Device-based External Ventricular Drain Simulator.

Peter J Morone1, Kimon Bekelis2,3, Brandon K Root2

  • 1Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Nashville, Tennessee.

Operative Neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)
|September 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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A new mobile app offers an accessible, reusable, and inexpensive external ventricular drain (EVD) simulator for medical training. This animated simulator is validated for face, content, and construct, enhancing procedural knowledge for residents.

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery simulation
  • Medical education technology
  • Mobile health applications

Background:

  • Existing external ventricular drain (EVD) simulators are often costly, bulky, and non-reusable.
  • Limited accessibility of current simulators hinders their adoption in residency programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an animated external ventricular drain (EVD) simulator.
  • To ensure the simulator is accessible via mobile devices for widespread use.

Main Methods:

  • A mobile-based EVD simulator was created for iOS and Android platforms.
  • The simulator includes a learn mode for procedural instruction and a test mode for knowledge assessment.
  • Twenty-eight participants (experts and novices) completed the test mode and a post-module survey to assess validity.
Keywords:
Cognitive task analysisExternal ventricular drainMobile-basedSimulatorTouch surgeryVentriculostomy

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Main Results:

  • Participants rated the simulator's face and content validity highly (median score of 4/5).
  • Experts achieved significantly higher scores than novices in the test mode (mean 71.5 vs. 48, P < .001).
  • The results confirmed the simulator's construct validity by differentiating between expert and novice performance.

Conclusions:

  • An inexpensive, reusable, and accessible mobile-based EVD simulator has been successfully developed.
  • The developed simulator demonstrates strong face, content, and construct validity.
  • This tool enhances the accessibility of EVD procedural training for medical residents.