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Motor skill experience modulates executive control for task switching.

Qiuhua Yu1, Chetwyn C H Chan1, Bolton Chau1

  • 1Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.

Acta Psychologica
|September 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Athletes with open motor skills enhance task switching (proactive and reactive control). Closed motor skills benefit only reactive control. This highlights how sports experience impacts executive functions.

Keywords:
Closed motor skillsExecutive controlOpen motor skillsProactive controlReactive controlTask switching

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Executive functions, including proactive and reactive control, are crucial for task switching.
  • Motor skill type (open vs. closed) may differentially influence these executive functions.
  • Understanding these effects can inform training and rehabilitation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of open and closed motor skills on proactive and reactive control during task switching.
  • To compare task-switching performance between athletes in open sports, closed sports, and a control group.
  • To examine the relationship between motor skill experience and executive function components.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-six athletes were divided into open-skill (n=18), closed-skill (n=18), and control (n=18) groups.
  • Participants completed a task-switching paradigm assessing proactive and reactive control.
  • A simple reaction task measured processing speed.

Main Results:

  • Open-skill athletes showed lower switch costs in response time with 100% valid cues, indicating better proactive control.
  • All athletes (regardless of skill type) exhibited lower switch costs with 50% valid cues compared to controls, suggesting improved reactive control.
  • No significant differences in simple reaction time were observed among the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Open motor skill experience enhances both proactive and reactive control for task switching.
  • Closed motor skill experience appears to primarily benefit reactive control.
  • The findings suggest that the demands of sports environments shape specific executive function capabilities.