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Thrombosis of the Abdominal Veins in Childhood
Riten Kumar1,2, Bryce A Kerlin1,2,3
1Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.
Insights
Pediatric abdominal venous thrombosis, though rare, can cause long-term issues. This review guides diagnosis and management for conditions like inferior vena cava and portal vein thrombosis in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Hematology
- Vascular Medicine
- Pediatric Thrombosis
Background:
- Abdominal venous thrombosis is uncommon in children, with limited research and evidence-based guidelines.
- While mortality is low, significant long-term morbidity affects affected children.
- Pediatric subspecialists frequently encounter these rare venous thromboembolic events.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a clinical guide for diagnosing and managing pediatric abdominal venous thrombosis.
- To review current knowledge on major forms of abdominal venous thrombosis in children.
- To focus on epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of current knowledge.
- Appraisal of existing research data on pediatric venous thromboembolic disease.
- Focus on specific venous sites: inferior vena cava, portal, mesenteric, hepatic, and renal veins.
Main Results:
- Discussion covers the epidemiology and clinical presentation of various abdominal venous thromboses.
- Diagnostic approaches and current management strategies are appraised.
- Outcomes and long-term morbidity associated with these conditions are examined.
Conclusions:
- Abdominal venous thrombosis in children requires careful diagnosis and management despite its rarity.
- This review serves as a practical guide for clinicians managing these complex cases.
- Further research is needed to establish robust evidence-based treatment guidelines.
Abstract:
Abdominal venous thrombosis is a rare form of venous thromboembolic disease in children. While mortality rates are low, a significant proportion of affected children may suffer long-term morbidity. Additionally, given the infrequency of these thrombi, there is lack of stringent research data and evidence-based treatment guidelines. Nonetheless, pediatric hematologists and other subspecialists are likely to encounter these problems in practice. This review is therefore intended to provide a useful guide on the clinical diagnosis and management of children with these rare forms of venous thromboembolic disease. Herein, we will thus appraise the current knowledge regarding major forms of abdominal venous thrombosis in children. The discussion will focus on the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcomes of (1) inferior vena cava, (2) portal, (3) mesenteric, (4) hepatic, and (5) renal vein thrombosis.
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