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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Age-dependent Dynamics of Locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Lyapunov Exponent Analysis
Published on: September 23, 2025
Gibbs free energy as a measure of complexity correlates with time within C. elegans embryonic development
Samuel H McGuire1, Edward A Rietman1, Hava Siegelmann1
1College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
Abstract:
We investigate free energy behavior in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans during embryonic development. Our approach utilizes publicly available gene expression data, which gives us a picture of developmental changes in protein concentration and, resultantly, chemical potential and free energy. Our results indicate a clear global relationship between Gibbs free energy and time spent in development and provide thermodynamic indicators of the large-scale biological events of cell division and differentiation.
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