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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

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The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
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Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

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Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Development and Identification of a Novel Subpopulation of Human Neutrophil-derived Giant Phagocytes In Vitro
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Development and Identification of a Novel Subpopulation of Human Neutrophil-derived Giant Phagocytes In Vitro

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Developing Neutrophils Must Eat…Themselves!

Zhichao Fan1, Klaus Ley2

  • 1Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Immunity
|September 21, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy is crucial for releasing fatty acids in neutrophil precursors, which is essential for their maturation. This process limits glycolysis and boosts oxidative phosphorylation, impacting cellular energy production.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Immunology
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Neutrophil maturation is a complex process involving metabolic regulation.
  • Autophagy plays diverse roles in cellular homeostasis and differentiation.
  • Intracellular free fatty acid metabolism is critical for immune cell function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of autophagy in neutrophil precursor cell metabolism.
  • To determine the impact of autophagy on free fatty acid release and cellular energy pathways.
  • To elucidate the contribution of autophagy to neutrophil maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of autophagy-deficient neutrophil precursor cells.
  • Measurement of intracellular free fatty acid levels.
  • Assessment of glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation rates.
  • Evaluation of neutrophil maturation markers.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy is required for the release of free fatty acids from intracellular stores in neutrophil precursors.
  • This release of fatty acids by autophagy limits glycolysis.
  • Autophagy enhances oxidative phosphorylation, supporting neutrophil maturation.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a key regulator of neutrophil precursor metabolism.
  • The interplay between autophagy, fatty acid release, and energy metabolism is essential for neutrophil development.
  • Targeting autophagy may offer new strategies for modulating neutrophil function.