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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
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[Translaminar Gradient and Glaucoma].

J Čmelo

    Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie : Casopis Ceske Oftalmologicke Spolecnosti a Slovenske Oftalmologicke Spolecnosti
    |September 22, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The translaminar gradient (TLG) is linked to glaucoma progression. Higher TLG indicates increased risk of glaucomatous damage, suggesting its use in refining target intraocular pressure. This finding aids in managing ocular conditions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Neuroscience
    • Medical Imaging

    Background:

    • The cribriform plate acts as a threshold for intraocular pressure (IOP) and intracranial pressure (ICP).
    • The translaminar gradient (TLG), the difference between IOP and ICP, is a critical factor in ocular health.
    • Understanding TLG's role is vital for diagnosing and managing glaucoma and related conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the relationship between the translaminar gradient (TLG) and glaucoma progression.
    • To assess glaucoma progression (visual field, fundus examination, HRT) with and without topical anti-glaucomatous therapy in relation to TLG.
    • To determine if TLG can be used to refine target IOP in glaucoma management.

    Main Methods:

    • Two groups were studied: Group I (retrospective, n=99) included patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG), Ocular Hypertension (OH), Normal-Tension Glaucoma (NTG), and healthy controls.
    • Group II (prospective, n=38) studied patients with OH and newly detected POAG without therapy over 10-11 months.
    • Examinations included basic eye exam, tonometry, HRT, gonioscopy, Color Doppler sonography, and Ophthalmodynamometry to record venous pulsation pressure (VPT) and calculate TLG.

    Main Results:

    • In Group I, TLG varied among groups, with no significant relationship to glaucoma or OH when considered alone.
    • In Group II, one patient with OH and a TLG of 15 torr showed glaucoma progression over 4 years.
    • In POAG patients, TLG decreased significantly from 15.0 ± 4.8 torr to 3.6 ± 1.3 mm Hg after initiating topical anti-glaucoma therapy.

    Conclusions:

    • TLG demonstrated a significant relationship with glaucoma progression, with increased risk correlating to higher TLG.
    • TLG can be a valuable tool for refining the 'Target IOP' in glaucoma management.
    • TLG plays a role in various ocular and intracranial conditions, including ocular hypertension, glaucoma, and optic neuropathy, and aids in selecting appropriate therapies.