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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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Updated: Nov 14, 2025

Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale PFO: An Intervention Sequence
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Can Visual Function Be Affected by an Open Foramen Ovale?

P Výborný, J Čmelo

    Ceska a Slovenska Oftalmologie : Casopis Ceske Oftalmologicke Spolecnosti a Slovenske Oftalmologicke Spolecnosti
    |March 11, 2021
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A rare case of homonymous hemianopia resulted from paradoxical embolism due to an open foramen ovale after trauma. This highlights the importance of screening for venous clots and shunts in cryptogenic stroke evaluations.

    Keywords:
    homonymous hemianopiaopen foramen ovaleparadoxical embolismpatent foramen ovale

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    Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Cardiology
    • Ophthalmology

    Background:

    • Paradoxical embolism, a rare cause of ischemic stroke, occurs when venous emboli cross to the arterial circulation.
    • An open foramen ovale (PFO) can facilitate paradoxical embolism if a right-to-left shunt is present.
    • Visual field defects, such as homonymous hemianopia, can be a presenting symptom of embolic stroke.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report a rare case of homonymous hemianopia secondary to paradoxical embolism in a patient with an undiagnosed open foramen ovale.
    • To emphasize the diagnostic considerations for cryptogenic stroke, particularly the role of PFO and peripheral venous evaluation.

    Main Methods:

    • Case report of a 56-year-old patient presenting with visual field deficits post-trauma.
    • Diagnostic workup included neuroimaging, echocardiography to assess foramen ovale patency, and evaluation for potential embolic sources.
    • Neuroophthalmological examination to characterize the visual field defect.

    Main Results:

    • The patient developed homonymous hemianopia following trauma.
    • An open foramen ovale was diagnosed, identified as the pathway for a paradoxical embolus.
    • The findings underscore the link between trauma, PFO, paradoxical embolism, and visual field deficits.

    Conclusions:

    • Open foramen ovale is a critical consideration in cryptogenic stroke, especially when associated with trauma and paradoxical embolism.
    • Comprehensive evaluation for stroke etiology should include assessment of the peripheral venous system and the hemodynamic significance of right-to-left shunts.
    • This case highlights the neuroophthalmological manifestations of paradoxical embolism and the importance of integrated diagnostic approaches.