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Michiko Niwa-Kawakita1,2,3, Omar Ferhi1,2,3,4, Hassane Soilihi1,2,3

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Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) acts as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensor, influencing oxidative stress responses and cell survival. Loss of PML enhances resistance to oxidative damage and promotes longevity in vivo.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies (NBs) are known to interact with proteins like p53, affecting their function.
  • Previous research suggested PML oxidation promotes NB biogenesis in acute promyelocytic leukemia.
  • The in vivo physiological connection between PML and oxidative stress response was not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of PML as a sensor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo.
  • To explore the physiological consequences of PML expression on oxidative stress and related cellular processes.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking PML, ROS, and the p53/NRF2 pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Pml knockout (Pml-/-) and wild-type (Pml+/+) animal models.
  • Assessed ROS levels and survival under conditions of oxidative stress (e.g., glutathione depletion, acetaminophen treatment, fasting).
  • Analyzed the activation of oxidative stress-responsive genes, including p53 targets and NRF2 pathway components.

Main Results:

  • Pml knockout cells accumulate ROS, while PML expression reduces ROS levels.
  • Pml knockout embryos exhibit enhanced survival following acute glutathione depletion.
  • Pml knockout animals display resistance to acetaminophen-induced liver injury and fasting-induced steatosis.
  • Pml knockout animals show impaired activation of oxidative stress-responsive p53 targets but accelerated NRF2 activation.
  • Pml knockout animals exhibit a longevity phenotype on an oxidative stress-prone background.

Conclusions:

  • PML functions as a physiological sensor for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo.
  • PML plays a crucial role in regulating cellular responses to oxidative stress, impacting cell survival and metabolism.
  • PML links ROS sensing to p53 and NRF2 pathway activation via NB biogenesis, influencing senescence and stem cell biology.