Graphene-Based Materials for Biosensors: A Review.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Graphene-based nanomaterials possess unique physical, optical, and electrochemical properties.
• These properties are crucial for developing ultrasensitive and selective biosensor devices.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the intrinsic properties of graphene and its surface engineering for biosensing applications.
• To discuss synthesis techniques and prospective properties of various graphene materials.
• To explore biosensing mechanisms and the importance of surface functionalization.

Main Methods:

• Review of intrinsic graphene properties and surface engineering.
• Explanation of synthesis techniques for graphene-based materials.
• Discussion of biosensing mechanisms and transduction principles.

Main Results:

• Graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and graphene quantum dots (GQD) exhibit significant potential in biosensing.
• Surface functionalization is critical for enhancing biosensor performance in biological and medical applications.
• Charge interactions and nanoparticle interactions are key transduction mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Graphene-based nanomaterials are pivotal for advanced biosensor development.
• Surface engineering and functionalization are essential for optimizing biosensor selectivity and sensitivity.
• These materials hold great promise for future biological and medical diagnostics.