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Related Experiment Videos

Making Retrospective Confidence Judgments Improves Learners' Ability to Decide What Not to Study.

Alison M Robey1, Michael R Dougherty1, Daniel R Buttaccio1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Maryland.

Psychological Science
|September 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Evaluating past retrieval success with retrospective confidence judgments (RCJs) improves learning control more than predicting future success (judgments of learning or JOLs). RCJs help learners better identify study needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Metacognition
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Judgments of learning (JOLs) are crucial for self-regulated learning and effective study decisions.
  • The role of retrospective confidence judgments (RCJs) in metacognitive control over learning is less understood.
  • Understanding metacognitive judgments is key to optimizing learning strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of JOLs versus RCJs in guiding subsequent study decisions.
  • To investigate how different metacognitive judgments influence the identification of items needing further study.
  • To determine which type of judgment enhances learners' ability to allocate study time efficiently.

Main Methods:

  • Participants engaged in a cued-recall task.
Keywords:
judgments of learningmetacognitionopen dataopen materialspreregisteredretrospective confidence judgmentsstudy decisions

Related Experiment Videos

  • Metacognitive judgments (JOLs or RCJs) were made after an initial retrieval attempt.
  • Participants decided which items required additional study based on their judgments.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants using RCJs were significantly more accurate in identifying items that required restudy compared to those using JOLs.
    • RCJs provided more reliable information for directing study efforts than JOLs.
    • This suggests RCJs enhance the ability to discern learning deficits.

    Conclusions:

    • Retrospective confidence judgments (RCJs) are more effective than judgments of learning (JOLs) for improving metacognitive control over learning.
    • Assessing confidence in past performance aids learners in making better decisions about future study.
    • Metacognitive training could benefit from incorporating RCJ-based strategies to enhance learning efficiency.