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Rethinking HIV-prevention for school-going young people based on current behaviour patterns.

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  • 1a PhD, is a professor in Psychology at the Department of Psychology , University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa.

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Summary

South African youth sexual risk behavior persists despite HIV education. Interventions must address community factors like caregiver relationships and substance abuse, not just individual education, to improve prevention strategies.

Keywords:
Afrique du SudHIV-preventionPrévention du VIHSouth Africacommunity gender normscomportement sexuel à risquejeunesse scolaire; perception des normes socialesnormes communautaires à l’égard des genresperceived social normsschool going youthsexual risk behaviour

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Adolescent Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Two decades of HIV education in South African schools have not fully curbed sexual risk behaviors among youth.
  • Understanding current sexual risk behaviors and their underlying factors is crucial for effective HIV prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess sexual risk behavior in South African school-going youth.
  • To identify individual and social factors influencing these behaviors.
  • To inform improved HIV prevention strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was administered to 5305 learners (Grades 5-12) in high-risk communities.
  • The survey assessed self-reported sexual risk, attitudes, self-efficacy (Theory of Planned Behaviour), caregiver relationships, and gender norms (Social Ecological Theory).
  • Regression analysis identified key predictors of sexual risk behavior.

Main Results:

  • 49.4% of boys and 30.5% of girls (Grades 8-12) reported lifetime sexual activity; 56% of sexually active youth reported consistent condom use.
  • Accurate HIV transmission knowledge was low (37.8%).
  • Risk behavior correlated with older age, male gender, perceived social norms favoring sex, excessive alcohol use, negative attitudes towards abstinence, traditional gender norms, and poor caregiver relationships.

Conclusions:

  • The Theory of Planned Behaviour is applicable to planning youth HIV prevention.
  • Effective HIV prevention requires addressing community-level factors beyond individual education, including caregiver relationships, substance abuse culture, peer norms, and gender norm inequalities.
  • Addressing these social determinants is vital for enabling healthy choices among young people.