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Updated: Feb 22, 2026
Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane
Published on: December 9, 2022
Superselective Embolization for Arterial Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Using N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate: A Single-Center
Saebeom Hur1, Hwan Jun Jae1, Hyukjoon Lee1
1Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea.
Purpose:
To evaluate 30-day safety and efficacy of superselective embolization for arterial upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA).
Materials And Methods:
This single-center retrospective 10-year study included 152 consecutive patients with UGIB (gastric, n = 74; duodenal, n = 78) who underwent embolization with NBCA for angiographically positive arterial bleeding. The primary endpoint was clinical success rate defined as achievement of hemostasis without rebleeding or UGIB-related mortality within 30 days after embolization. Mean systolic blood pressure and heart rate were 121.2 mm Hg ± 27.4 and 97.9 beats/minute ± 22.5; 31.1% of patients needed intravenous inotropes, and 36.6% had coagulopathy. The etiology of bleeding was ulcer (80.3%) or iatrogenic injury (19.7%). Statistical analysis was performed to identify predictive factors for outcomes.
Results:
Technical success rate was 100%. Clinical success, 1-month mortality, and major complication rates were 70.4%, 22.4%, and 0.7%. There were significant differences in the clinical success rates between gastric and duodenal bleeding (79.4% vs 62.2%; P = .025). The need for intravenous inotropes at the time of embolization was a significant negative predictive factor in both gastric (odds ratio [OR] = 0.091, P = .004) and duodenal (OR = 0.156, P = .002) bleeding. The use of a microcatheter with a smaller tip (2 F) was associated with better outcomes in duodenal bleeding (OR = 7.389, P = .005).
Conclusions:
Superselective embolization using NBCA is safe and effective for angiographically positive arterial UGIB.
