Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

1.1K
Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
1.1K
Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

1.3K
Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
1.3K
Muscles for Facial Expressions01:14

Muscles for Facial Expressions

5.1K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
5.1K
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions01:27

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

1.1K
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...
1.1K
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

3.1K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
3.1K
Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

1.4K
Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The deep cervical fascia neck lift.

Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthetique·2023
Same author

Hyo-neck lift evolution: Neck lift with fixation of the platysma to the deep cervical fascia.

Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthetique·2018
Same author

[Aging prevention, new surgical techniques and future options for facial rejuvenation].

Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthetique·2017
Same author

A new approach to functional anatomy of the lower face: Role of the hyoplatysmal ligament, of the platysma and of the depressor labii lateralis.

Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthetique·2016
Same author

Hyo neck lift: Preliminary report.

Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthetique·2016
Same author

[Facial palsy sequel and botulinum toxin].

Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthetique·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

106.5K

[Botulinum toxin: An important complement for facial rejuvenation surgery].

C Le Louarn1

  • 159, rue Spontini, 75116 Paris, France.

Annales De Chirurgie Plastique Et Esthetique
|September 23, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A novel botulinum toxin A injection technique enhances facial rejuvenation by reducing ptosis risks and improving efficiency. This method uses variable concentrations for broader muscle treatment and skin smoothing effects.

Keywords:
Botulinum toxin AConcentration variableInjection tarsaleTarsal injectionToxine botulique AVariable concentration

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Facial Rejuvenation Therapy with Post-Laser Salicylic Acid Application
03:47

Author Spotlight: Advancing Facial Rejuvenation Therapy with Post-Laser Salicylic Acid Application

Published on: September 27, 2024

1.6K
Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
05:04

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

Published on: May 5, 2020

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

106.5K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Facial Rejuvenation Therapy with Post-Laser Salicylic Acid Application
03:47

Author Spotlight: Advancing Facial Rejuvenation Therapy with Post-Laser Salicylic Acid Application

Published on: September 27, 2024

1.6K
Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
05:04

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

Published on: May 5, 2020

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Aesthetic Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Botulinum toxin type A is widely used for cosmetic facial treatments.
  • Understanding facial anatomy and toxin action is crucial for optimizing injection techniques.
  • Current methods carry risks of complications like eyebrow and eyelid ptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new, refined injection procedure for botulinum toxin type A.
  • To enhance the safety, efficiency, and scope of botulinum toxin A applications in facial aesthetics.
  • To explore novel treatment areas and achieve improved rejuvenation outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a new injection protocol based on detailed functional facial anatomy.
  • Utilization of variable botulinum toxin A concentrations tailored to specific muscles.
  • Application of the technique to upper face, lateral canthus, nose, jawline, and neck regions.
  • Inclusion of meso botox for dermal receptor treatment.

Main Results:

  • Reduced incidence of eyebrow and eyelid ptosis compared to conventional methods.
  • Increased efficiency and broader applicability of botulinum toxin A across multiple facial muscles with fewer units.
  • Successful rejuvenation effects observed at the lateral canthus, nasal alar base, jawline, and neck.
  • Achieved skin smoothing through meso botox, leveraging the anticholinergic properties of botulinum toxin A.

Conclusions:

  • The novel botulinum toxin A injection technique offers improved safety and efficacy in facial aesthetics.
  • Variable concentration and precise anatomical targeting expand treatment possibilities and patient outcomes.
  • This refined approach provides a minimally invasive alternative for facial rejuvenation and skin texture improvement.